Dynamic Production Sequencing for Compounded Medications

A Marie Skłodowska-Curie Actions (MSCA) Postdoctoral Project

Welcome

My name is Kraig Delana and this is the webpage of my MSCA project on dynamic production sequencing to minimize patient delays for compounded medications.

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The
Project

Although approximately 90% of medications are industrially produced and distributed through retail or hospital pharmacies, when patients require personalized medications or medications that are otherwise unavailable, e.g., due to patients’ allergies or drug shortages, retail pharmacies must rely on compounding pharmacies that produce medications to order. Inspired by discussions with the management team of a compounding pharmacy, this project aims to improve patients’ access to compounded medications through the development of a dynamic production control algorithm designed to minimize production delays.

Our proposed approach is based on fluid model that captures production dynamics combined with a novel modification of a method widely applied in aerospace,

guidance systems, and autonomous robotics: the State-Dependent Riccati Equation (SDRE). We carefully adapt this technique to create a dynamic production control policy, that balances stochastic demands while exploiting efficient production sequencing.

In calibrated numerical experiments, we find that this policy can reduce delays for patients by up to 32.5% on average without increasing worst-case delays. Moreover, the approach can be generalized to other settings, tackling challenging dynamic decision problems where optimal solutions are intractable. This opens up future research opportunities across manufacturing, supply chain management, and beyond.

objectives

Develop an Implementable Sequencing Algorithm that will benefit patients:

Adapt the SDRE-based control approach to account for real-world compounding pharmacy production dynamics which reduces average waiting times for patients and enhances operational efficiency without sacrificing worst-case performance.

Generalize the approach:

Provide a framework that extends to other challenging dynamic decision making problems where optimal policies are intractable.

Team

This project is the joint work of:

Assistant Professor Kraig Delana

Kraig Delana

Assistant Professor of Operations Management at IE Business School

Assistant Professor Christopher J. Chen

CHRISTOPHER J. CHEN

Assistant Professor of Operations Decisions and Technologies at Kelley School of Business

Associate Professor Xiaoshan Peng

XIAOSHAN PENG

Associate Professor of Operations Decisions and Technologies at Kelley School of Business

Publications

Delana, K., Chen, C., & Peng, X. (2025) – 3
A state-dependent Riccati equation index policy for dynamic production sequencing in compounding pharmacies.
Delana, K., Chen, C., & Peng, X. (2025) – 2
A state-dependent Riccati equation index policy for dynamic production sequencing in compounding pharmacies.
Delana, K., Chen, C., & Peng, X. (2025)
A state-dependent Riccati equation index policy for dynamic production sequencing in compounding pharmacies.

Key findings

The SDRE approach can be modified to function as a value function approximation and used as the basis of an implementable dynamic index policy to efficiently sequence production of compounded medications and significantly reduce delays for patients.

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